History of Indian Space Research Organization

ISRO Full Form: In 1969, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was established with a clear mission to advance space technology for the benefit of national development as well as to conduct planetary exploration and space science research. The objective of this vision was to use space exploration for the development of the nation and to delve deeper into the fields of space science and planetary exploration.

Over the years, ISRO has consistently demonstrated its exceptional and cost-effective technologies, thereby earning its place among the leading space agencies of the world. All ISRO launches are conducted at the Satish Dhawan Space Center located on Sriharikota island near Chennai. With the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3, ISRO once again demonstrated its capabilities and strengthened its global position in the field of space exploration.

History of ISRO (History Of ISRO

• ISRO was earlier the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), established by the Government of India in 1962, as envisioned by Dr. Vikram A Sarabhai. ISRO was formed on 15 August 1969 and superseded INCOSPAR with an expanded role in exploiting space technology.
• The Department of Space (DoS) was established and ISRO was brought under DOS in 1972.
• The first Indian satellite was Aryabhata. It was built by ISRO and launched on April 19, 1975 with the help of the Soviet Union.

ISRO's objective (Objectives of ISRO,

The main objective of ISRO is to utilize space technology and its application for various national tasks. Indian space program Vikram Sarabhai It was inspired by the vision of NASA, who is considered the father of the Indian space programme.

• Mass communication and education through satellite.
• ISRO controls and manages natural resources, often through remote sensing technology, environmental monitoring and meteorological forecasting.
• Development of indigenous satellites and satellite launch vehicles.

Operation Centers of ISRO

ISRO operates through a regional network of several centres, known as ISRO Operation Centres. Information about ISRO's operation center is given below.

• Vikram Sarabhai Space Center is located in Thiruvananthapuram. Launch vehicles are manufactured at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center in Thiruvananthapuram.
• Liquid Propulsion Systems Center is located in Thiruvananthapuram and Bengaluru.
• Physical Research Laboratory is located in Ahmedabad.
• National Atmospheric Research Laboratory is located in Tirupati.
• Space Applications Centre, located in Ahmedabad.
• North-Eastern Space Applications Centre, is located in Shillong.
• The site of eight successful space shuttle projects, the U.K. R. Rao Satellite Centre, located in Bangalore. Satellites are designed, built and tested at the UR Rao Satellite Center or ISRO Center in Bangalore.
• All sensors and payloads are manufactured at the Ahmedabad Space Applications Centre.
• The Electro-Optics Systems Laboratory, responsible for the development of altitude sensors for all satellites, is also located in Bangalore.
• Satish Dhawan Space Center serves as a launch site for India's satellites and is also India's main launch base, located in Sriharikota.
• Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station, used to launch sounding rockets, is located in Thiruvananthapuram.
• Master control facilities for geostationary satellite stations are available at Hassana and Bhopal.
• Facilities for collecting and storing remote sensing data are located at the National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad.
• ISRO's commercial arm is Antrix Corporation, headquartered in Bangalore.

List of current chairmen of ISRO

Following is the list of chairmen of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) so far:

List of Presidents of ISRO
ISRO Chairman	Tenure
Dr Vikram Sarabhai	1963 – 1971
Pro. M.G. Of. Menon	1972 – 1972
Pro. Satish Dhawan	1972 – 1984
Pro. you are. Rao	1984 – 1994
Dr. K. Kasturirangan	1994 – 2003
Yes. Madhavan Nair	2003 – 2009
Dr. K. Radhakrishnan	2009 – 2014
Dr. Shailesh Nayak	2015 – 2015
A. S. Kiran Kumar	2015 – 2018
Dr. K. siwan	2018 – 2022
S. Somnath	12 Jan 2022 – Present

Achievements of ISRO (Achievements of ISRO

Indian Space Research Organization is giving many proud moments to our country by showcasing its space prowess and innovation. ISRO's achievements over the years have set standards of excellence for other government agencies as well. Let us take a look at some of the achievements of ISRO in the last few years.

• Rohini, launched in 1980, was the first satellite successfully placed in orbit by SLV-3, an Indian-made launch vehicle. ISRO has time and again proved that it firmly sticks to the vision of 'using space technology for national development'.
• On 20 May 1992, ISRO launched an Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) and INSAT – 2A. Former President of India and missile scientist late A.P.J. Abdul Kalam led the SLV-3 project at ISRO and later moved to DRDO to direct India's missile programme.
• In 1993, the time had come for the first flight of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). The first launch was unsuccessful. The first successful launch was in 1994, and since then, the PSLV has become a workhorse launch vehicle – placing both remote sensing and communications satellites into orbit, forming the largest cluster in the world and providing unparalleled data to Indian industry and agriculture.
• The most powerful Indian launch vehicle currently in operation; The first development flight of GSLV took place in 2001. The program's benefits have been scrutinized due to repeated payload cuts and delays. The indigenous cryogenic engine for the upper stage of GSLV was tested in 2007.
• ISRO has reconsidered the effectiveness of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for the needs of the 2000–2010 decade and has initiated the development of an indigenous and new heavy launch vehicle, GSLV III. The latter is not related to GSLV-I/II and will be based on the proven format of liquid core stages and two solid strap-on boosters. It will be similar to the Ariane 5 and other modern launchers and will have sufficient payload capacity for manned space flight. The inaugural flight is scheduled for 2008.
• Chandrayaan 2008: ISRO intends to send a small robotic spacecraft mounted on a modified PSLV into lunar orbit. It will survey the Moon's surface in more detail than ever before and attempt to locate resources. Countries including the United States have expressed interest in attaching their own payloads to the mission. There is an agreement between ISRO and NASA to carry two NASA probes as payloads.
• ISRO launched GSLV-MK3 in December 2014, which has an Indian-made crew capsule. It can carry three astronauts into space. ISRO's manned space mission, Gaganyaan, is planned for its first test flight in 2021.
• In the year 2014, ISRO India became the first country to successfully reach Mars in its very first attempt. The Mars Orbiter Mission or MOM has a budget of just Rs. 450 crores.
• In the year 2014, ISRO India became the first country to successfully reach Mars in its very first attempt. The Mars Orbiter Mission or MOM has a budget of just Rs. 450 crores.
• Launched by ISRO, INSAT is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites. It helps in telecommunication, broadcasting, meteorology and rescue operations.
• In the year 2017, ISRO had created a world record by launching 104 satellites in a single mission.
• Chandrayaan-2, launched in 2019, consisted of an orbiter, a lander (Vikram) and a rover (Pragyan). Although the lander did not make a successful soft landing, the orbiter continues to provide valuable data.
• Chandrayaan-3: On August 23, 2023, ISRO achieved a significant milestone by successfully landing Chandrayaan-3 on the lunar surface, making India the leader in reaching the south pole of the Moon. ISRO is working to further expand India's space capabilities. Continues to work on various space missions, satellite launches and research projects. It cooperates with international space agencies and organizations, contributing to global space research and exploration.

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